Technology is only one part of an information system
A computer can process data, but a complete information system also requires people, procedures, responsibilities and meaningful information.
Four related concepts
| Concept | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Information Technology (IT) | Hardware, software, storage and networks used to create, process, store and exchange information. | A server, database and application platform. |
| Information and Communication Technology (ICT) | IT with explicit emphasis on digital communication and connectivity. | Video conferencing, mobile networks and collaboration platforms. |
| Computer system | Interacting hardware, software, data, users and procedures that perform a defined purpose. | A laboratory workstation used for programming. |
| Information system (IS) | A socio-technical system that collects, processes, stores and distributes information for operations and decisions. | A university course-registration system. |
From technology to organisational value
PeopleStudents, lecturers, administrators, technicians and decision makers.
ProcessRules, approvals, verification, scheduling and exception handling.
DataStudent profiles, courses, prerequisites, enrolment and results.
TechnologyDevices, applications, databases, networks and cloud services.
ControlsAuthentication, access rights, validation, backup and audit records.
OutcomeAccurate, timely and useful information for action.
Quick classification
- A laptop is primarily an IT resource.
- A messaging platform is an ICT service because communication is central.
- A registration portal becomes an information system only when technology, people, data and procedures operate together.
- System thinking asks how changes in one component affect the complete service.