SCST1133 · Topic 01

Input, Process, Output and Feedback

Trace how a familiar activity becomes a result and how feedback guides the next action.

01Introduction to Computer and System
Operational model

Follow information through the system

The IPO model becomes more useful when storage and feedback are included.

Input, process, storage, output and feedback workflow
Figure 3. Information moves through connected stages and feedback closes the loop.

Course-registration example

StageExample
InputA student selects a course.
ProcessingThe system checks prerequisites and available capacity.
StorageThe registration record is saved.
OutputAn updated timetable or error message is displayed.
FeedbackThe student confirms the result or corrects the selection.

Think in relationships

Each stage depends on the others. Incorrect input, unavailable storage or delayed feedback can prevent the entire service from meeting its purpose.