Evaluate technology as a complete system
For every case, connect purpose, hardware, data flow, constraints, people, responsibility and improvement.
Recommended case studies
| Case | Central question |
|---|---|
| Frontier exascale supercomputer | How do thousands of nodes cooperate on one scientific problem? |
| AI training data centre | What infrastructure prevents accelerators from waiting for data? |
| ASML EUV and chip fabrication | Why must optics, positioning, vacuum and metrology work together? |
| Malaysian semiconductor ecosystem | How do design, equipment, assembly, packaging, testing and talent connect? |
| Sustainable data centre | How should performance, energy, water and hardware lifecycle be balanced? |
Six-question analysis framework
- What problem does the system solve?
- Which hardware components are essential?
- How does data move through the system?
- Where are the main bottlenecks and failure risks?
- How are power, cooling, security and reliability managed?
- What improvement would deliver the greatest benefit?